Guarding Against IoT Attacks: Strategies and Best Practices

Key takeaways

Internet of Things (IoT) attacks, such as firmware hijacking, threaten the security of IoT devices and networks. 

• IoT devices integrate with smartphones, with examples including Google Home or Amazon Alexa.

• Examples of IoT attacks include brute-force password attacks, physical tampering, or man-in-the-middle attacks.

• You can reduce the risk of IoT attacks by completing firmware updates, thoughtfully connecting IoT devices, and setting strong passwords.

Learn more about IoT devices and their security, along with strategies you can implement to guard against unauthorized access and malicious attacks. If you’re ready to start learning about cybersecurity, consider enrolling in the Microsoft Cybersecurity Analyst Professional Certificate. In as little as six months, you’ll have the opportunity to learn about the cybersecurity landscape and effective threat mitigation strategies. By the end, you’ll have earned a career credential to share with potential employers.

What is an IoT device?

Sometimes referred to as a “smart” machine, an IoT device features precise programming to operate designated applications or software, enabling it to support internet connectivity and communicate with other devices over the internet. Think of these devices as the “T” in IoT—the devices outfitted with sensors and other technology allowing them to connect via the internet and exchange information.

Typically, IoT devices can integrate and sync with smartphones, allowing you to control them via dedicated mobile apps. For instance, you can remotely configure and monitor a smart home security system using your Android or Apple device. If you use Google Home, Amazon Alexa, or a wearable fitness tracker, you’ve already used an IoT device.

What are IoT attacks?

An IoT attack refers to any activity that attempts to compromise the security of an IoT device or network. From gaining control over your extensive wireless network to misusing applications and software systems, the ramifications of IoT attacks can be significant. IoT attacks increased by 11 percent in 2025, with 609.9 million intrusion prevention system (IPS) hits [1].

IoT security attacks: What makes IoT devices susceptible? 

IoT devices often lack an inherent security mechanism to defend against potential cyber threats.

The reasoning behind this lapse can be attributed to the fact that IoT devices have relatively simple functions, leading to frequent oversight of their security. Vulnerabilities in IoT devices can manifest in several ways, including:

• Unencrypted data transmission

• Obsolete device hardware

• Unprotected network ports

• Insufficient privacy protection measures

• Weak passwords

What is an IoT attack surface? Security in the Internet of Things

An IoT attack surface refers to the collective set of potential security vulnerabilities in IoT devices, the software they run, and their associated network infrastructure. The need for a universally accepted set of security standards in the IoT industry is a significant challenge that impacts the development and manufacturing of IoT devices.

IoT attacks examples

More than one type of attack can affect connected devices. Let’s explore some notable types of IoT attacks to get a clearer understanding of the threat.

1. Brute-force password attack

In this type of IoT attack, hackers will attempt to use every combination of characters until they find the correct one. This method can take a substantial amount of time and effort, but cybercriminals can find success, particularly if the password you have set is weak or easily guessable.

2. Physical tampering

In physical tampering, threat actors may exploit open ports, exposed circuits, or physical access to your device to steal data or install malware. The malware can act as a gateway for further cyberattacks.

3. Man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack

During an MITM attack, the attacker situates themselves between two trusted entities, like an IoT sensor and a cloud server, which are actively communicating. Doing so allows the perpetrator to intercept and eavesdrop on the data being exchanged between them, potentially violating sensitive information.

4. Firmware hijacking

IoT manufacturers offer a variety of software and updates for their respective products. Threat actors can take advantage of this diversity by posting fraudulent updates or drivers online. Failing to verify your IoT device drivers could allow attackers to hijack your device and install malicious software.

Read more: 10 Common Types of Cyberattacks and How to Prevent Them

How to prevent IoT attacks

How can you prevent unauthorized access and safeguard against potential IoT threats? Let’s explore some strategies you can use.

1. Stay current with firmware updates.

When installing a new IoT device, check the vendor's website for security patches to address known vulnerabilities. You can also opt for a recurring plan for patch management and firmware upgrades.

2. Connect IoT devices judiciously.

Although many contemporary devices, like refrigerators, speakers, and televisions, come with internet connectivity, not all features mandate it. Scrutinize your device's capabilities to pinpoint those that truly require an internet connection. By limiting internet connectivity to essential functions, you reduce the attack surface and enhance the overall security of your network.

3. Establish physical security for IoT devices.

Let's say you have a smart lock, which you can control remotely via the internet, installed on your front door. Without adequate physical protection, this smart lock becomes vulnerable to unauthorized access and tampering. Recognizing the importance of physical security is the first step toward preventing intrusion.

4. Set strong passwords.

A weak password is akin to leaving all the doors and windows to your digital world wide open. If hackers manage to guess or acquire your password for one device, it could potentially grant them access to all devices sharing that password. Employing secure, hard-to-guess passwords offers the best possible defense against these types of threats. A robust password should be complex and contain a combination of numbers, special characters, and upper and lower-case letters.

5. Utilize intrusion detection tools.

Like antivirus software, intrusion detection systems diligently monitor your network for any indicators of abnormal activity, effectively preventing potential threats from undermining your device's security.

What is the US Cyber Trust Mark?

In June 2023, the Biden-Harris Administration unveiled a cybersecurity certification and labeling initiative to simplify the selection of safer, more resilient smart devices for the American public. Proposed by Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Chairwoman Jessica Rosenworcel, the aim of the US Cyber Trust Mark program is to elevate cybersecurity standards for a range of everyday devices, including smart appliances, fitness trackers, smart thermostats, and more [2]. The program has received backing from companies such as Amazon, Google, LG Electronics, Best Buy, Samsung Electronics, and Logitech. 

IoT cybersecurity

Did you know? In 2020, Congress passed the Internet of Things Cybersecurity Improvement Act, which established security standards for IoT devices owned by the federal government. The law grants the chief information officer (CIO) the authority to restrict agency heads from using IoT devices that hinder compliance with the National Institute of Standards and Technology’s standards [3].

Explore free cybersecurity resources

Join us on Career Chat on LinkedIn to explore emerging industry trends and access helpful career tips. You can also explore the following resources if you’re considering a career in cybersecurity:

• Learn your terminology: Cybersecurity Glossary: Key Terms and Definitions 

• Explore your options: Cybersecurity Career Spotlight: What It Is and How to Get Started 

• Watch on YouTube: Using AI to Identify Suspicious Online Activity 

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